home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1993
/
TIME Almanac 1993.iso
/
time
/
111191
/
1111202.000
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1992-08-28
|
6KB
|
202 lines
BUSINESS, Page 71Any Bright Ideas Out There?
As it turns out, there are a lot of good ones, though the right
way to lift the country out of its year-long slump is still
anybody's guess
By BERNARD BAUMOHL
The U.S. economy is in a mess and no one in Washington
seems to have a clue how to get out of it. There was a flash of
good news last week, when the government reported that the
gross national product grew at a 2.4% annual rate in the third
quarter. But it was quickly doused by a torrent of dismal
reports showing last summer's rebound to be short-lived. Sales
of new homes plunged 12.9% in September despite the lowest
mortgage rates in 14 years. Consumer-confidence sagged in
October to levels not seen since the height of the Persian Gulf
war, and the unemployment rate for the month crept up 0.1%, to
6.8%. Even normally reticent Federal Reserve Chairman Alan
Greenspan admitted in a speech last week that the economy had
recently turned "demonstrably sluggish."
Reviving this economy is proving to be one of the toughest
challenges of the century. In previous downturns, policymakers
were able to jump-start the engine through tax cuts, higher
government spending and falling interest rates. But this time
around, such techniques either haven't worked or are difficult
to implement. Though interest rates have been falling since
1989, overextended banks won't ease up on new loans. Budget
deficits exceeding a quarter of a trillion dollars discourage
tax cuts or spending increases for fear of renewed inflation and
higher interest rates.
What to do? Here are the recommendations of 10 economists
from around the U.S.
Roger Brinner, chief economist
Data Resources
(economic-research firm)
Lexington, Mass.
-- Federal Reserve should cut interest rates 1%
immediately.
-- Congress should not cut personal income tax rates. It
would be too costly for the budget, heighten worries of
inflation, and raise long-term interest rates.
-- Fund extended unemployment benefits to the jobless, and
pay for them by cutting fat in other federal programs like
Amtrak and government pensions.
-- Introduce a 10% investment-tax credit specifically for
manufacturing equipment.
Don Conlan, president
Capital Strategy Research
(economic-consulting firm)
Los Angeles
-- Don't tamper -- under any circumstances -- with last
year's accord to reduce the budget deficit. Changing it now
would open a Pandora's box of troubles and raise inflation
fears.
-- Greenspan's Federal Reserve, too cautious with monetary
policy so far, should allow short-term rates to fall a little
more.
Fred Conrad, chief economist
Eastman Chemical
(producer of plastics, fiber and chemicals)
Kingsport, Tenn.
-- Do nothing. Let the economy rehabilitate on its own
from the excesses of the 1980s. Quick fixes could end up doing
more harm than good.
-- Falling interest rates this year should be given more
time to take effect.
Kathleen Cooper, chief economist
Exxon
Irving, Texas
-- Do not change personal income tax rates or increase
government spending. The budget deficit is already too high.
-- Focus more on monetary policy. The Federal Reserve
should gradually continue to reduce short-term interest rates.
John Godfrey, chief economist
Barnett Banks
Jacksonville
-- Fed Chairman Greenspan should add a lot more money to
the economy and forget about what it does to interest rates.
--Do not change personal income tax rates.
-- Lower the capital-gains tax from 31% to 20% for all
types of business investments. That should help real estate,
banks and thrifts. Don't worry about minuscule losses in tax
revenues. Reviving the economy is much more important than a
modest increase in the budget deficit.
David Hale, chief economist
Kemper Financial
Chicago
-- Allow banks, whose troubles are hindering the recovery,
to earn interest on reserves placed with the Fed.
-- Cut the capital-gains tax to 20%. Such a cut would
stimulate real estate and help the financial industry, as well
as the Resolution Trust Corporation, out of a jam.
-- Don't meddle with personal income taxes.
-- The Fed should continue to lower interest rates.
Kenneth Mayland, chief economist
Society National Bank
Cleveland
-- Lower interest rates to whatever it takes to increase
the supply of money and credit in the economy.
-- Do not cut personal income tax rates.
-- Reduce the capital-gains tax to 20%. Do not pay for
this by slowing federal spending elsewhere. The pickup in
business activity from the tax cut should produce enough
revenues to pay for it.
Brian McDonald, director
Bureau of Business & Economic Research, University of
New Mexico
Albuquerque
-- Pass the bill to extend unemployment benefits.
-- Don't cut taxes -- on anything. The financial markets
would react adversely and push long-term rates up again.
-- Bank regulators must ease up. Do not force banks to set
aside reserves for losses on loans still paid on time, even if
the value of the collateral has fallen.
Lynn Michaelis, chief economist
The Weyerhaeuser Co.
(forest-products manufacturer)
Tacoma
-- Lower interest rates 1% -- immediately.
-- End Wall Street's concerns over rising budget deficits
by halting all talk of large tax cuts.
-- Government should set up a special fund task force to
find ways to increase bank lending.
Edward Yardeni, chief economist
C.J. Lawrence
(investment firm)
New York City
-- Accelerate the depreciation allowance on real estate to
relieve the biggest problem, the stagnant real estate market.
-- Roll back personal income tax rates to Reagan-era
levels.
-- Pass a capital-gains tax cut.
-- Don't worry about widening the budget deficit for now.
Let's get out of the slump first; otherwise the recession will
continue and the deficit will grow on its own.
-- Lower interest rates more. The federal-funds rate is
still 5 percentage points away from zero.